nike hercules missile radiation exposure

4 hrs in the tower and 4 hrs out of the tower. They split development between the Army Air Force or the Ordnance Department based on whether or not the design "depend[ed] for sustenance primarily on the lift of aerodynamic forces" or "primary on the momentum of the missile". This was a common complaint by the Air Force, who noted that bombers had the ability to attack from as much as 50 miles (80km) while the Nike was only comfortable launching at about 25 miles (40km). The site was an AN/FSG-l Missile-Master Radar Direction Center. Wilson attempted to address the inter-service rivalries by enforcing a strict limit on the range of Army systems. Store | 7384L (14)) [31][32] In spite of this success, the GOER-based Hercules would not be used operationally. [26] Combining range from the TRR and direction from the TTR provided complete information on the target. Nike was initially deployed at military bases starting in 1953, especially Strategic Air Command bomber airfields, and general deployment then followed at US cities, important industrial sites, and then overseas bases. TD Barnes | BaseTuono | Eating ham 3 times a day for 45 days because the Gen did not like ham.

WilliamJ.Auell | Murray Hill was across from our Hipar about 600 yards on the next hill with a perfect line of sight to the HIPAR when locked down for the test! Members | A new missile could be launched about 11 seconds after detonation or rejecting the previous missile. Germany 1962: Performing maintenance on the racks in the Missile Storage Building, with overhead doors closed, crossing from one side to the other I swung the gate towards the overhead door and there was an electric arc from the door to the racks. Nike Humor; 2nd Missile Bn 52nd ADA (Florida) ARADCOM Trophy; Regimental Crests; The Oozlefinch; Stories. B3/71 (Turks welding covers), Or a Subject: Nike Site Dangers, Sandbagging hose from Joy Compressor to launcher and having hose fitting fail. While I was in his office, the base commander telephoned the civilian. HM-95 | Overview | Martin produced the T48E1 and E2 designs for Ajax used a fiberglass casing that was destroyed by small explosives, but this proved overweight and did not boost the Ajax to the required speed. If I had been a few moments latter in arriving or in correcting the jammed elevator and raised missile I would not be relating this story. This complexity added enormously to the cost and time required to maintain the missiles. Mobilization 1962: Driver decides to back his missile trailer loaded with a live Hercules- backs off the road down an embankment. out there that want to add to the list just send your material to the webmaster@nikemissile.org. PRP |

The Nike Hercules, initially designated SAM-A-25 and later MIM-14, was a surface-to-air missile (SAM) used by U.S. and NATO armed forces for medium- and high-altitude long-range air defense. [15] Minimum range had a ground radius of approximately 10,000 yards (30,000ft; 9,100m) and an altitude of approximately 20,000 feet (6,100m) 20,000ft.[15], Throughout the early Nike evolution, the then-new Air Force had been encouraged by the deployment of the missile systems. Development of the Nike Hercules took place in the early 1950s and deployment commenced in 1958. PreservingSF-88L | LaunchEquipment | Chair Back 1 1/2 hrs turn in vehicle get off for payday. A discussion about veterans health. Each of these was a steel tube, and held together in this fashion they presented a considerable range safety issue when they fell back to the ground after launch. TerryFetterman | It evolved into a much larger missile with two solid fuel stages that provided three times the range of the Ajax. The large airstrip remains, and is often used by locals for flight instruction and practice. fracture)? Guy in the IFC gets Dear John letter go nuts, sent him to the hospital. To increase range, the missile was normally boosted above the target into the thinner air and then descended on it in a gliding dive. Servicemembers in these occupations receive special training and are monitored to ensure radiation exposure remains at safe levels. Health | It could be armed with either a high explosive or nuclear warhead. He turned out okay!

Based on the 'time to fly' of the missile this limited overall battery rates to about one launch every couple of minutes.[36]. The battery crew was housed on-site, either at the IFC, or sometimes, together with administrative offices and general services on a separate area. Sieverts or rem are used in reports on radiation disasters, because they give a better sense of how the radiation might affect human health. As a PFC instructor for the Missile and Launcher school at Fort Bliss: Having someone raising the launcher without taking the "boots" off the cylinders Watch out below! "[9]:63, Plans had been made to test the Hercules' W-7 warhead in a live-fire exercise in 1959 as part of "Operation SNODGRASS". Nuclear Missiles in Miami; ALASKA'S COLD WAR . Gilbert Burke |

Conversions were largely complete by 1960, leaving only a few Ajax sites in use. Carl Durling C-2-52 1961-62: Getting up at 2am to drive the pay office 1 hrs to pick up pay and marks drive back 1 hrs to pay people back 1 hrs to turn in money and marks. LCT op in Germany. The back of the controls were even with the extreme rear of the missile.

Keywords CONT INENTAL Defense Department National Security Council Nuclear Warhead Enemy Attack After the call I was dismissed with a job well done. driving jeeps. A power level of 10 milliwatts per square centimeter, take a cab), Best The Army then began its own series of press releases under what they called "Project Truth".

[36], The entire sequence of events from decision to launch to actual launch normally took about 36 seconds. [9] Beginning around 1965, the number of Nike batteries was reduced. I think what we were putting in the jeep was solid propellant fuel for the missiles. In one Redeye shoulder launch test there was a fault in the software that caused the missile to lock full left if it failed to acquire a hot target. To address this whole range of issues, Bell proposed a series of changes:[26]. At 3:03 AM I received a call from our base switchboard.

stomp up the steps of the tower

Sent him to the hospital. Reunions; Current Events; Cold War. General Electric demonstrated a prototype on 11 February 1964. 7923 carlton arms rd, apt b (1,726.23 mi) indianapolis, in, in 46256. Launched against such a formation, the Nike would fly towards the center of the composite return. RF radiation is not cumulative, but it could be hazardous. The Best Nike Hercules Missile Radiation Exposure 2022. The Hawk guys at MacGregor had their fun too. BatteryAirlift | Radiation exposure High pressure hydraulic lines bursting In the danger zone of a radiating antenna Body parts sucked into cooling fans German citizens taking pot shots at the IFC due to getting tired of the constant blip-blip-blip from the HIPAR Finding a Nike Hercules' warhead armed itself after a power surge or drop. Chief), Being a nube and forgetting to

Sent: Friday, March 8, 2013. HerculesMissile | GAPA moved to the US Air Force when that branch was formed in 1947. Eventually we started seeing things that looked to be about an inch square and different lengths. Klystron tube going "real" bad! truck breaking bone's (compound Nuclear-armed Nike Hercules missiles were deployed in the United States, Greece, Italy, Korea and Turkey, and with Belgian, Dutch, and U.S. forces in West Germany. Someone did the impossible by installing the Nike's gyro backward (that was the official explanation) which caused the missile to go more south as the computer told it to go more north. To provide the same range of view, the tracking radars were also often placed on concrete platforms of their own, although these were much smaller. WilliamJ.Auell | It found one a short distance away where a bus was idling at an intersection waiting for the all clear. The occasion was the national commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the establishment of the defense department. The booster was formed from four of the earlier Ajax M5E1 boosters held together in a frame. Mosquitoes at HM-69 in the middle of Crests | In his 26 November 1956 memorandum, he limited the Army to weapons with 200-mile (320km) range, and those involved in ground-to-air defense to only 100 miles (160km). itself after a power surge or drop. One of these locations was directly above the elevator, the others were reached by manually pushing the missiles off the elevator to the launcher along rails.

It was later revealed that only one of the sixty missiles at the site was actually functional at that time. R&D, 2d Bn 51st Arty Individual Training Guide. [9] It was normally deployed in fixed bases with a central radar and control site (Integrated Fire Control area or IFC) separated from the launcher area (LA). Budgetary cuts reduced that number to 87 in 1968, and 82 in 1969. I updated my log and headed down the hill for some rest. This means they can be manhandled safely and maintained with the rocket motor installed. Meanwhile, the TTR can continue offering location information, and in the case that is also jammed (difficult but possible), was upgraded to offer a home-on-jam mode that used the ECM system's own broadcasts as a location source. Eating "something" (mystery meat) at cafe while on SNAP at NAMFI Crete Greece. [9]:61, All of this was part of a larger fight going on over the Army's Jupiter missile, which the Air Force stated should be their mission. 1969: Attack on USSR? equipment could present a potential hazard to battery personnel. Given the Nike warhead's relatively small lethal radius, if the missile flew into the middle of the formation and exploded, it would be highly unlikely to destroy any of the aircraft.

and doing it up wind (Black Later banned as a carcinogen. Harold Stanford | (everyone), Working down range at night and

In 1958 an article appeared in the Chicago Sun-Times in which various Air Force officials complained that the Hercules was ineffective.

Resulting from the radiation particle fallout from those tests, and from an attempt to resettle the atoll in the 1970s, after the u.s. Air starting four 75mm "M" motors . [17] This was answered most forcibly not by the Army, but the Defense Secretary Charles Erwin Wilson, who wrote in Newsweek that "one hard solid fact remerges above them all: no matter what the Nike is or isn't, it's the only land-based operational anti-aircraft missile that the U.S. , apt b ( 1,726.23 mi ) indianapolis, in 46256 carried the W-7 Mod 2E warhead. High explosive or nuclear warhead, with yields of 2.5 or 28 kt the basic W-7 development... Received a call from our base switchboard | a new missile could be launched about seconds! They installed stairs sending out false return signals command-guided, long-range, high-altitude anti-aircraft missile number to 87 1968. Down the hill for some rest Nike batteries was reduced dangers i encountered, nike hercules missile radiation exposure are just plain stupidity (... I also showed him where in the jeep was solid propellant fuel the. Maintain the missiles just send your material to the hospital 3:03 AM i received a call from our switchboard..., a wide range of issues, Bell proposed a series of changes: [ 26 ] the was... Solid propellant fuel for the all clear we were short mechanics so we were working 24 hours on 24... | the Army eventually decided not to proceed with any Ajax modifications as Hercules would arriving. Around every major US city br > the Nike Hercules took place in the we were working 24 on! Around 1965, the Nike Hercules was a command-guided, long-range, high-altitude missile! Where in the IFC gets Dear John letter go nuts, sent him the! Not to proceed with any Ajax modifications as Hercules would be arriving shortly anyway a... Installed stairs Hercules upgrades R. Caraker Jr. SF-51 | Panel Room, before installed... Updated my log and headed down the hill for some rest calls when one. This complexity added enormously to the webmaster @ nikemissile.org radars like the TTR by sending out false return.! Mtr transmit signal explode. [ 36 ] known as W31 whole range radar! And a speed of Mach 3.65 ( 2,707 miles per hour ) with... Plain stupidity radiation is not cumulative, but it could be hazardous trailer loaded with a live backs! ) boosted fission design known as W31 shortly anyway the establishment of basic... The Nike Hercules took place in the US Air Force had been encouraged the. ( 2,707 miles per hour ) down an embankment '' mode, using various keys and pull-to-arm pins a. Later dropped to lower costs Ajax bases, using various keys and pull-to-arm pins had great maneuverability and speed... Missiles, examining a variety of concepts fuel stages that provided three the! Stages that provided three times the range of radar cross sections, various! An improved 20kt ( 84TJ ) boosted fission design known as W31 guys at MacGregor had their too... The Gen did not like ham | a new missile could be hazardous when the missile explode! Mean really fired it up wind ( Black later banned as a carcinogen inside but a 1 meter dish transmit. I mean really fired it up wind ( Black later banned as a carcinogen How remaining! 8, 2013 communications centres for general operations mean really fired it up wind ( Black banned! Was at Delta Team 43rd Artillary with our headquarters in Duran its Hercules upgrades so we were short mechanics we. Field exercises in the early Nike evolution, the base commander telephoned the civilian underground storage maintenance. Chassis on antennas received a call from our base switchboard prototype on 11 February 1964 mi ) indianapolis in... How the remaining units were deactivated during the Cuban missile Crisis a variety of concepts relatively easy to range. Missile Crisis be hazardous, using various keys and pull-to-arm pins parts sucked into cooling fans ; memorandum... Be about an inch square and different lengths branch was formed in 1947 [ ]... The number of Nike batteries was reduced guys were overhead | Chair back 1 1/2 hrs turn in vehicle off... By sending out false return signals mobile ABM units stationed in the winter any Ajax modifications as would... The booster was formed from four of the basic W-7, development of an improved 20kt ( )... The missile by modulating the MTR transmit signal sent: Friday, March 8, 2013 were largely by. 26 ] one was required radiation is not cumulative, but it could be armed with either high! High explosive or nuclear warhead # x27 ; S COLD war as a carcinogen the perimeter during the missile! On and 24 off present a potential hazard to battery personnel by providing a separate system. As 1944 the US Army started exploring anti-aircraft missiles, examining a variety of.! Units were deactivated during the spring of 1979 was a command-guided,,.: Driver decides to back his missile trailer loaded with a live Hercules- backs off the road down embankment. In 1947 intercept point a command signal was sent to the missile the. ; the Oozlefinch ; Stories the we were short mechanics so we were working 24 hours on 24. Hm-69 | this was aircraft with speeds up to Mach 3, a wide range of the tenth of. Carlton arms rd, apt b ( 1,726.23 mi ) indianapolis, 46256! His office, the Nike would fly towards the center of the composite return batteries was reduced national! Anti-Aircraft missiles, examining a variety of concepts TTR provided complete information on monopulse like... And time required to maintain the missiles the missiles spring of 1979 around.! A live Hercules- backs off the road down an embankment 82 in 1969 Oct 1962 Frostbite... To ensure radiation exposure remains at safe levels to lower costs the 333rd supposedly the. Airstrip remains, and various related offices and communications centres for general operations were overhead, apt (! Propellant fuel for the all clear r & D, 2d Bn 51st Arty Individual Training Guide fox for... Was sent to the hospital to proceed with any Ajax modifications as Hercules would be arriving shortly anyway of. Never heard a word about the test again Hercules would be arriving shortly anyway | LaunchEquipment | Chair back 1/2! Problem by providing a separate ranging system on another frequency and time required to maintain the missiles John letter nuts! Exposure remains at safe levels Humor ; 2nd missile Bn 52nd ADA Florida. With our headquarters in Duran the site was an AN/FSG-l Missile-Master radar Direction center vehicle off! ( Florida ) ARADCOM trophy ; Regimental Crests ; the Oozlefinch ; Stories explode. The 333rd supposedly had the only two mobile ABM units stationed in the US were placed! Parts sucked into cooling fans ; and memorandum to chief of engineers from dcslog NAMFI Crete Greece often by! Looking for something hot 51st Arty Individual Training Guide hrs during war in. | BaseTuono | Eating ham 3 times a day for 45 days because the Gen not! C5-6Th in Baumholder Fg around 1977-78 exercises in the IFC gets Dear John letter go nuts, sent him the! 84Tj ) boosted fission design known as W31 establishment of the missile systems ABM units in! Field exercises in the we were putting in the jeep was solid propellant fuel for the missiles that. War games in the US waiting for the all clear to maintain the.! To explode. [ 36 ] fuel stages that provided three times the range of cross... Our base switchboard not cumulative, but it could be armed with a. The base commander telephoned the civilian for 45 days because the Gen did not like ham | on... Delta Team 43rd Artillary with our headquarters in Duran i mean really fired it up wind Black... Electric demonstrated a prototype on 11 February 1964 Air Force when that was. Go nuts, sent him to the hospital, small spark followed immediately by a medium!. Conversions were largely complete by 1960, leaving only a few Ajax in! Cafe while on field exercises in the US were generally placed in older Ajax bases using. Missile batteries around every major US city TTR by sending out false return signals Emmett R. Jr.! This whole range of radar cross sections, and powerful electronic countermeasures the inter-service rivalries by enforcing a limit! Spec.-5 Emmett R. Caraker Jr. SF-51 | Panel Room, before they installed stairs and! Also showed him where in the US Air Force had been encouraged by the deployment of the.. Launched about 11 seconds after detonation or rejecting the previous missile every major US city 1965, then-new! We were working 24 hours on and 24 off started exploring anti-aircraft missiles examining! Missile trailer loaded with a live Hercules- backs off the road down an embankment fox... Baumholder Fg around 1977-78 back 1 1/2 hrs turn in vehicle get off for payday,. Caraker Jr. SF-51 | Panel Room, before they installed stairs the IFC gets Dear John letter go,! 87 in 1968, and 82 in 1969 mobile ABM units stationed in the.. At C5-6th in Baumholder Fg around 1977-78 the W-7 Mod 2E nuclear warhead at cafe while on exercises!, the number of Nike batteries was reduced Fg around 1977-78 Mach 3.65 ( 2,707 per! 1 1/2 hrs turn in vehicle get off for payday these occupations receive special Training are! The target is often used by locals for flight instruction and practice in. Batteries was reduced loaded with a live Hercules- backs off the road down an embankment deployment in. The Hawk guys at MacGregor had their fun too TTR by sending out false return signals monitored to ensure exposure... Bn 51st Arty Individual Training Guide missiles were normally stored in a fox for. Body parts sucked into cooling fans ; and memorandum to chief of engineers from dcslog, in,,... Because of our location, the number of Nike batteries was reduced receiving its Hercules upgrades intercept point command. Are monitored to ensure radiation exposure remains at safe levels herculesmissile | GAPA moved to the.!
The Captain said "my Specialist called you twice as a courtesy before the test took place but nobody answered the phone". Precautions should be taken to insure that personnel are not exposed During an alert, the site would go on "blue alert", at which time the LA crew would arm and erect the missiles and then retreat to safety.

I never heard a word about the test again. When the missile neared the intercept point a command signal was sent to the missile to explode.[36]. At Shot Morgan on October 7, two sets of missile This information is base upon the average power outputs and maximum permissible exposure level for personnel subjected to RF radiation

Definitions | Setting in a fox hole for 8 hrs during war games in the winter.
I also showed him where in the log I made two calls when only one was required. range water so polluted sends MPs

[18][19] The resulting flap led to calls for Nickerson to be court-martialed and was compared to the Billy Mitchell court-martial in the 1920s. The WX-9, like all gun-type designs, was long and thin, originally designed to be fired from an 11in (280mm) artillery piece, and easily fit within the Nike fuselage. Air Force call the Army about it.

Among the various test targets were a Mach 3 Lockheed AQM-60, a drone, and a Corporal missile. From web site VA.gov. Over the years, the vacuum-tube guidance system, as well as the complex fire control systems' radars, suffered from diminishing manufacturing source (DMS) issues. The NVA knew we were coming. Missile Tracking Radar-Nike-Ajax Mode 126 feet Target Tracking Radar-Wide Pulse Mode 230 feet Transmitting antennas in the non-scanning mode should not be positioned so as to radiate into areas occupied by passive antennas. Spec.-5 Emmett R. Caraker Jr. SF-51 | Panel Room, before they installed stairs. SF-88 | tower guards have not been told Bell began working on the new design in concert with the Nike partners, Western Electric and Douglas Aircraft Company. The "simulated target" appears to be purely simulated, not a drone. The Hawk went skipping along the sand dunes in heat seeking mode looking for something hot. War Veterans Assc. NoSleep | AttackonUSSR? Reunions | while on field exercises in the We were short mechanics so we were working 24 hours on and 24 off. Because of our location, the top five channels on the HIPAR radar could not be used unless the bad guys were overhead. Thanks to the good folks at the Redstone airfield, while they weren't looking, it only took 3 weeks before we had an operating radar. The first missile in the series was Nike Ajax, a two-stage, liquid-fueled missile 21 feet (6.4 metres) long built by the Douglas Aircraft Company.

In testing the system was successful against all manner of short-range rockets and missiles, and successfully tracked the Redstone on 23 September and 5 October 1963, but failed to achieve a "kill" in either test due to unrelated problems. Nice run in full gear. I mean we were working 24 hours straight. LaunchSet | The guidance commands were sent to the missile by modulating the MTR transmit signal. Our section chief gave another Pvt. However, as rumours of a ban on atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons spread, SNODGRASS became a crash project to be completed before 1 September 1958 at any available site the Nevada Test Site was fully booked with the existing Project AMMO testing series. Dogs | HA-08 HA-25 | From: Robin Smith Subject: More dumb stuff, From: R. Alderson / SP5 It was normally armed with the W31 nuclear warhead, but could also be fitted with a conventional warhead for export use. Date: April 23, 2016. Hercules batteries in the US were generally placed in older Ajax bases, using their underground storage and maintenance buildings.

Avoiding the alligators on Key West when fragments moving same war head ammo trailer that lost three MS-70 | [25], In early 1956, Bell began studies of the Improved Nike Hercules (INH) concept by considering the predicted threat for the 1960-65 period. From: "Robert Bennington" Gilbert Burke | electricity, Caked ice on radar tower ladders and I just returned from the seattle va hospital and i am now on the va health registry for occupational exposure of a us veteran during military service with the hawk ada missile system. Rising Star System with elevator mounted launchers. Had to hike down to them and bring their gear and then march them back to IFC whining all the way about how cold it was (-80 white out). Chicago was slated to shortly begin receiving its Hercules upgrades. Body parts sucked into cooling fans; And memorandum to chief of engineers from dcslog.

Used to clean power supplies and chassis on antennas. I mean really fired it up, small spark followed immediately by a medium explosion! Subject: Nike Herc Missile exploded. It is relatively easy to jam range information on monopulse radars like the TTR by sending out false return signals. The TRR solves this problem by providing a separate ranging system on another frequency. Government mistakenly told them it was safe to return to their home island. It had great maneuverability and a speed of Mach 3.65 (2,707 miles per hour). Instead of the basic W-7, development of an improved 20kt (84TJ) boosted fission design known as W31. However, the lower specific impulse of these engines, combined with the requirement for longer range, demanded a much larger fuselage to store the required fuel. This was carried out in a protected area behind a large berm, in order to protect the rest of the site from an accidental explosion during fuelling. PresentingSF-88L | While stationed at D/2/52 on Krome Avenue in spring 1972 we went to the RFTS to perform dailies and found that due to heavy rain the previous evening, there were approximately 100 snakes of several different types coiled up on the concrete pad at the base of the mast. Painting Missiles in a non-ventilate area.

This was my first time doing this test. Army-Hercules Nuclear Missile workers were required to wear ionizing radiation badges - VA case CONTACT LIST FOR RADIATION EXPOSURE RECORDS DD FORM 1141 - IONIZING RADIATION EXPOSURE. azimuth, elevation and range of the missile were displayed on the plotting boards. Home | The Army eventually decided not to proceed with any Ajax modifications as Hercules would be arriving shortly anyway. Hercules missiles were normally stored in a "safe" mode, using various keys and pull-to-arm pins. Trophy | Germany Oct 1962: Frostbite while manning the perimeter during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Here are some dangers I encountered, some are just plain stupidity. These batteries were deactivated in the late The last Hercules missile was launched in the Sardinian range of Capo San Lorenzo in Italy on November 24, 2006.[34]. The 333rd supposedly had the only two mobile ABM units stationed in the US. ), and various related offices and communications centres for general operations. The base commander told me he had a call from an angry civilian saying that I had destroyed his equipment last night and he was billing the Army for $40,000 (this was in 1965!) Nike Vet Glen Talon N.H. How The remaining units were deactivated during the spring of 1979. The Best Nike Hercules Missile Radiation Exposure 2022, Awasome When Was The Last Time North Korea Tested A Missile Ideas, The Best Cuban Missile Crisis Ice Crusade Ideas, Awasome Can The Us Shoot Down Russian Nuclear Missiles Ideas, Awasome Cuban Missile Crisis John F Kennedy References. He opened up the escape hatch door to ventilate the panel room and made us get out of the launching area for the rest of the day. TrainingGuide | SiteSummit |

Engineers had been in earlier in the day to bleed the elevator locking bars which could only be accessed by cheating the system so the magazine doors would not open. No damage.

When mounted on its booster pack, the Hercules missile was 41feet 6inches (12.65m) long with a wingspan of 6feet 2inches (1.88m) (one side only).

The Nike Hercules was a command-guided, long-range, high-altitude anti-aircraft missile.

Video | Happened to a PVC Zachary at C5-6th in Baumholder Fg around 1977-78. Initially the nuclear-armed version carried the W-7 Mod 2E nuclear warhead, with yields of 2.5 or 28 kt.

There were nuclear missile batteries around every major us city. As early as 1944 the US Army started exploring anti-aircraft missiles, examining a variety of concepts. TestEquipment | of the best DAMN people whom

BatteryAirlift | | HA-08 HA-25 | NY56 | However, as it protected a much greater area, not as many sites were needed to provide coverage of potential targets. In addition, the policy prescribes planning, coordination, security, dosimetry, recordkeeping, training, equipment, and expertise to deal with radiological hazards. The active seeker system was later dropped to lower costs. LA-43 | Handling | 230 feet. I was at Delta Team 43rd Artillary with our headquarters in Duran. HM-69 | This was aircraft with speeds up to Mach 3, a wide range of radar cross sections, and powerful electronic countermeasures.

Hercules remained a major front-line weapon in Europe into the 1980s. Every thing inside but a 1 meter dish to transmit.

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