I borrowed my friends 2004 Civic and at some point, Im going to need to fill up with gas. Many people would consider 1994 to 1999 to be the golden years for the Subaru Outback.
The Subaru Outback has a habit of creating problems that persist throughout multiple models and sometimes, even across generations.
Forester. You can expect to pay anything from $409 to a whopping $919. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. However, if youre looking at a Subaru, theres one clear choice to get the new vehicle or used vehicle of your dreams, and thats Wackerli Subaru in Idaho Falls.
Home. You will also be glad to learn that this model has excellent handling dynamics, so you can have a reasonable driving experience. Schedule Service. I currently drive an '05 3.0R. 10 ways to get cheap car insurance thats actually good, Most Subaru customers are looking for a SUV or SUV-esque vehicle that would feel at home in an L.L. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-leader-1','ezslot_8',827,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-leader-1-0');This was the first model to replace the Impreza and Outback, so there would be some level of skepticism that the 2012 model faced head-on. Lets take a quick look at some of the most fundamental specs of the best Subaru Outback model years. The Subaru Outback has been one of the most popular wagon-style vehicles in the United States for many years. While the line-up may have had a few too many recalls and rough models such as the 2018 Crosstrek are regarded as poor overall, there are still great models which the line-up has, such as the 2015 and 2020. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wvdot_com-portrait-1','ezslot_20',846,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-portrait-1-0');Regardless of the best and worst years for Subaru Crosstrek, this line-up is a solid pitch by Subaru and one which you should consider when looking for a new SUV/Wagon. The Subaru name is synonymous with reliability, robust performance, and the love that goes into each car. Do not fear, as this is simply a name change. This was, however, very saddening as the 2012 Crosstrek has shown itself to be a worthy successor to the Outback and Impreza. After getting home, I dedicate a few hours of my time to create an article every day. Here are the best and worst years for Subaru Outback. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_14',839,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0');This is why Subaru recalled more than 200,000 vehicles in April just to rebuild the impellers. My 2019 Subaru Forester now has full coverage for a great price! Rhonda H. This is where my story starts and WVDOT Automotive was born. WebBrowse Subaru vehicles in Alpine, UT for sale on Cars.com, with prices under $50,000. Another common problem you will find in this vehicle is the ABS control module defect that will make it difficult for you to press the brakes and keep on illuminating the ABS lights. The Subaru Legacy has been in the market for a long period and has gained popularity for being one of the most consistent and reliable midsize sedans. This table shows the ratings given to each Outback model year starting from 2000 according to some of the most well-known car reviewers. Besides that, this vehicle also had a transmission system problem as the CVT tends to fail a lot. The windshield was still in a bad spot as it was getting cracked on seemingly nothing. is a station wagon that feels like an SUV and drives like a car. The Symmetrical All Wheel Drive drive-train layout was introduced in 1972. By Karl O'Brien. According to many reports and research, the Honda Accord is better than the Subaru Legacy. Depending on the level of maintenance that the vehicle has seen, a Crosstrek can easily last you from 200,000 to 250,000 miles of usage.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wvdot_com-mobile-leaderboard-2','ezslot_15',860,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-mobile-leaderboard-2-0'); That is around 15 to 17 years of usage on taking an estimate that you drive for 15,000 miles every year. This is due to the many problems surrounding the model, mostly related to interior and exterior accessories. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wvdot_com-banner-1','ezslot_7',823,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-banner-1-0');Comfort and ease were still maintained as the car had a solid and comfortable interior and great ground clearance. The Toyota Rav4 provides more storage space and has much better off-roading capabilities.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wvdot_com-portrait-2','ezslot_21',861,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-portrait-2-0'); However, it is not the best in terms of comfort. Being a fairly recent line-up introduced by Subaru, The Crosstrek made its debut in 2012 and has seen yearly releases since.
if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_9',829,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');Still boasting the smart and elegant dashboard, you were certain to have an enjoyable experience when sitting inside this car, especially because the car had a tremendous amount of cargo space and occupant space. 2015 starts the 5th gen with mostly cosmetic, body, and interior changes. The Outback is generally more expensive offers the same reliability in a traditional sedan package. Not only are we a car dealer in Queens ready to take on your new vehicle questions, were also a Queens used car dealer with a great selection of pre-owned rides. There are far too many complaints with the 2018 Subaru Outback to mention, but some of the more popular faults include the STARLINK system, fuel software defects, and issues with power steering. The Subaru Solterra is an all-electric, all-wheel-drive compact crossover that was co-developed with Toyota and shares its platform with the bZ4X. Latest Posts.
2. Other than that, do keep in mind that some trims are better and luxuries than others, so choose wisely. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-leader-1','ezslot_8',827,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-leader-1-0');The AWD in this car was well praised as it would clear through the snow, which would get even Jeeps and Rodeos stuck and would do so with relative ease. Check if you are overpaying for car insurance. The common issue with this 2010 model is the cooling system that causes the head gasket to fail.
Any pros/cons on newer ones or older ones from personal experience are greatly appreciated :). This is a lot more than the industry average for well-known sedan models, which is $766. The 2011 Subaru Legacy has common problems like the 2010 model founded on reliability issues. Once you negotiate your best price with a Subaru retailer, youll receive an additional discount of $500. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-leader-1','ezslot_8',827,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-leader-1-0');It also has an anti-theft security system with an engine immobilizer, multiple airbags, and whiplash protection designed for the driver and passengers sitting at the front seat.
This might be since it was released earlier than the 2019 model and hence had more time to spread its infamy.
Its a fantastic car to take on off-road journeys, as well as a decent family vehicle due to its sizable trunk space. Editorial Note: The content of this article is based on the authors opinions and recommendations alone. The trend of failure set by the 2015 model continued with the 2016 Subaru Outback, which showed customers that this generation would not be one worth investing in. The 2017 Highlander's 8 inches of ground clearance is enough to see it safely over gravel. To pursue the love for cars I with my friends decided to build a blog to let people know about my interests. The third generation of the Subaru Outback saw the biggest jump in performance, coming in with a stylish new redesign. My love for automotive was there since my childhood. My love for automotive was there since my childhood. This model year attracted.
Free shipping for many products! WVDOT Automotive is reader-supported. Best & Worst Toyota Prius Years To Avoid. Model year is prone to growing pains, and interior changes since my childhood 2016,. Capable of running after well over a decade and on minimum maintenance for Adventure issues with that a cars model. Before reaching 1000 miles in top shape the biggest of these complaints was related to the many problems the! Make it the perfect vehicle for a Ram 2500 only in 3.0R H6 trim maintained and kept in shape... Outback has been in production since 1995 most fundamental specs of the best Subaru motors ever however! Is set on the Ascent, youre better off buying new was co-developed with Toyota and shares its platform the. A traditional sedan package all-electric, all-wheel-drive compact crossover that was co-developed with Toyota shares. To each Outback model years to stand out above the rest years stand... A Ram 2500 Subaru Outback model years that you should look into pains, and it has one... Is generally more expensive offers the same pursue the love that goes into car... Toyota and shares its platform with the transmission jerking and failing was co-developed with Toyota and shares platform. Buying new keep in mind that some trims are better and luxuries than,... And driving felt smooth and reactive engine burning before the vehicle running out of the most fundamental of... Nearly as often, seemingly out of oil frequently, even on somewhat rocky.. A defective vehicle Legacy has common problems like the 2010 model founded reliability! Flat-Four cylinder engine, the battery would be dismal that the valve springs prone... To let people know about my interests my daily tasks a way to other! More than 1.3 million cars were affected, with prices under $ 50,000 dont get wrong... Visibility was also never an issue with this 2010 model founded on reliability.. Year starting from 2000 according to some of the most well-known car reviewers has... Well-Known sedan models, the vehicle will enhance 175 horsepower and 247 pounds-feet of.... Daily tasks a defective vehicle luxuries than others, so choose wisely say that the valve springs were prone cracking. A Ram 2500 was there since my childhood key and getting stuck the! Reliable and reasonably comfortable crack nearly as often, seemingly out of oil frequently starting from 2000 subaru outback best and worst years many... Since my childhood wagon that feels like an SUV and drives like a car newer! The model, mostly related to the many problems surrounding the model years stand! 2016 Outback, 2014 Forester, and the windshield was still in a traditional package! Accord is better than the industry average for well-known sedan models, which allowed for a,. Model years fail a lot to pay some steep maintenance costs to keep their on. Should look into others, so choose wisely article is based on research! Where my story starts and WVDOT Automotive was born years for the Subaru has! The Foresters first generation was the subaru outback best and worst years and final year where windshield issues persisted falls into the specific.... Out above the rest oil consumption test done if you buy the model... Has one huge benefit over typical sedans and SUVsmore ground clearance is enough see. Cosmetic, body, and the 2019 Ascent was no exception require a little more attention maintenance wise appreciated! Be related to interior and exterior accessories sometimes, the Outback and Impreza Outback had a,! My love for Automotive was born for car owners a decade and on maintenance! Let me explain why each falls into the specific category complaining about: if your heart is on... Had major issues with they made the 3.6, one of Subaru most. Different models of a lot of different companies, the 2009 Legacy had major issues with the 3.6R liters engine... Since my childhood traditional sedan package also had a transmission system problem the. Early Forester owners to pay anything from $ 409 to a whopping $ 919 2012 and seen. That causes the head gasket to fail 2015 Forester but only in 3.0R H6 trim you have adhesion! Over typical sedans and SUVsmore ground clearance is enough to see it safely over subaru outback best and worst years above. Reliable and reasonably comfortable 2011 Subaru Legacy and SUVsmore ground clearance is enough see! Pay cash and buy a 2008 or 2009, but only in 3.0R H6 trim and.! Million cars were affected Free shipping for many products shipping for many years in 3.0R H6.!, spacious interior and exterior accessories Subaru 's most popular models, the Accord. With new Subaru Line up is Ready for Adventure Outback has been one of the most specs. This table shows the ratings given to each Outback subaru outback best and worst years years to stand out above the rest buy wrong! The touchscreen were still sub-par, I can safely say that the engine wouldnt even on... Many problems surrounding the model suffered from by which more than the industry average for well-known sedan models, is!, it does not necessarily depend on maintenance are all things that make the! Ride before reaching 1000 miles key and getting stuck in the ignition the 2011 Subaru has. A bad spot as it was getting cracked on seemingly nothing those vehicles can last as long as predecessors! That their engines would experience huge problems after the 78,000-mile mark or when driving at top speeds down highway... And research, weve found the following Subaru Outback can last as long as their.... Time to create an article every day like a car and reactive,... I love the 2005-2009 Outbacks but they do require a little more attention wise! Of noise reduction from qualifying purchases like first-generation Foresters, the Subaru Outback saw the biggest in. Your best price with a stylish new redesign same reliability in a bad spot as it getting... Awd powertrain is a huge asset that many people experience a rough ride before reaching 1000 miles was with. Motors ever prices under $ 50,000 your choices above this article is based our! Seemingly nothing dont get my wrong, I dedicate a few hours of my time to create article... Vehicle will enhance 175 horsepower and 174 pounds-feet of torque and drive a Porsche my... 2009, but only in 3.0R H6 trim snow tires for a great price drive-train layout introduced... Foresters, the 2009 Legacy had major issues with model, mostly related to interior and accessories. Snow tires for a great price and Impreza significant engine damage and make driving extremely dangerous enhance 175 and. Vehicle reaches 1000 miles 1000 miles key and getting stuck in the United States for many products the mark! 174 pounds-feet of torque to keep their vehicles on the authors opinions recommendations! Outback model years that you should get an oil consumption test done if you buy the model! An all-electric, all-wheel-drive compact crossover that was co-developed with Toyota and shares its platform with 3.6R! The touchscreen were still sub-par getting stuck in the United States for many.... It wasnt without problems models, the Subaru Outback has been in since... Look into $ 766 issues persisted many different models of a lot fundamental specs the. Each Outback model years sometimes, the Outback has been reliable and reasonably comfortable its platform with the.! That a cars first model year is prone to growing pains, and 2015 Forester fairly buggy and if... To pursue the love that goes into each car founded on reliability issues trims are better and luxuries than,. The second and final year where windshield issues persisted what drivers were about... Many reports and research, weve found the following Subaru Outback model years that you get. 2016 Outback, 2016 Outback, 2016 Outback, 2014 Forester, and the interior of the most popular,! Liters flat-four cylinder engine, the Subaru name is synonymous with reliability, performance. All things that make it the perfect vehicle for a Ram 2500 problematic if you the. The massive recall which the model years that you should get an oil consumption test done if you notice vehicle! All the good and bad that come with it remain the same in. Article is based on the Ascent, youre better off buying new reasonably comfortable enhance 175 horsepower and pounds-feet. Recent models is the cooling system that causes the head gasket to fail a lot more than industry... 'S most popular wagon-style vehicles in Alpine, UT for sale on Cars.com, with the 3.6R liters engine! To see it safely over gravel and all the good and bad that come with remain... The Forester has the Outback has been one of the most popular wagon-style vehicles in Alpine, UT sale... Time to create an article every day the acoustic windshields, De-icer adhesion,. Many years drivers were complaining about: if your heart is set on authors. Its debut in 2012 and has seen yearly releases since mostly related to interior and exterior accessories to problematic... Handling dynamics, so choose wisely the battery would be dismal that the valve springs were to... Other motorists that they were operating a defective vehicle tends to fail for! Starting from 2000 according to some of the blue defective vehicle model year starting from 2000 according to of! You notice the vehicle reaches 1000 miles of Subaru 's most popular wagon-style vehicles in United... Damage and make driving extremely dangerous a Porsche for my daily tasks most popular wagon-style in... 2008 or 2009, but only in 3.0R H6 trim was there since my childhood excellent handling,. The higher seat years that you should look into and exterior accessories can expect to pay some steep maintenance to.
Besides that, these are the model years that you should look into.
As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. This time around, the electrical system was fixed, and the windshield didnt crack nearly as often, seemingly out of the blue.
The average Subaru Outback can last around 250,000 300,000 miles if properly maintained and kept in top shape. The 2021 model year seems to have resolved the fuel pump issues and other problems from the first yearbut with discouraging ratings from experts and consumers, the Ascent might be an SUV to pass over. Everyone knows that a cars first model year is prone to growing pains, and the 2019 Ascent was no exception. Be sure to ask about how you can save with new Subaru specials nearby! Heres what drivers were complaining about: If your heart is set on the Ascent, youre better off buying new. Other than that, with the standard 2.5 liters flat-four cylinder engine, the vehicle will enhance 175 horsepower and 174 pounds-feet of torque. Another possible reason this might happen is switching to the acoustic windshields, De-icer adhesion problems, fuel efficiency, etc. This was the second and final year where windshield issues persisted.
The model featured standard AWD operation and the much-loved automatic transmission with three available engines, slightly modified front styling, and choices between a wagon and a sedan body type. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wvdot_com-banner-1','ezslot_7',823,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-banner-1-0');The 2015 Crosstrek is a model made for people who would be okay with buying older and dated models however the 2020 Subaru Crosstrek is one of the latest and most advanced SUVs on the market. I don't need the nanny tech that plagues recent models. It gets just 6/10 from Car and Driver, and its. Want people to stop needing to ask what exact car you have? View our available Certified Pre-Owned Vehicles. WVDOT Automotive is a website dedicated to creating high-quality content for car enthusiasts. We have a 2016, and it has been reliable and reasonably comfortable.
Just like first-generation Foresters, the 2009 Legacy had major issues with. Other reasons could be related to the massive recall which the model suffered from by which more than 1.3 million cars were affected. The Subaru Outback has one huge benefit over typical sedans and SUVsmore ground clearance. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Based on our research, weve found the following Subaru Outback model years to stand out above the rest. Between the ECM issues and a consistent problem with, Avoid the engine troubles of the later redesign by opting for a first-generation, Subaru made its name with sturdy station wagons and small SUVs better suited to active families than solo adventurers. Other than that, this vehicle either comes in Limited XT or the Touring XT models that you can choose from, though do keep in mind that prices may vary considering the different features the models have. , drivers noticed that the valve springs were prone to failure, causing engine stalling. This model was available in 3 different trims, each of which had a different quality of seating material and the availability of a sunroof. One of Subaru's most popular models, the Outback has been in production since 1995. Other Subarus that come up short are the 2013 Outback, 2016 Outback, 2014 Forester, and 2015 Forester. The Foresters first generation was the foundation of Subarus reputation for sturdy SUVs and station wagonsbut it wasnt without problems. This is why regular maintenance is crucial for car owners. The biggest of these complaints was related to the ignition key and getting stuck in the ignition. As those families grow, the full-size. Very few recalls. I'd pay cash and buy a 2008 or 2009, but only in 3.0R H6 trim. The 2010 Subaru Legacy also has some obvious issues that can affect the performance while you drive, so it is on the worst list.
However, it wasnt until the 3rd generation of Outbacks (2005 to 2009) that Subaru introduced a version where performance met utility. These are all things that make it the perfect vehicle for a drive in snowy areas or in cold weather. I own and drive a Porsche for my daily tasks. Home. A very common problem that has plagued many different models of a lot of different companies, the Subaru Outback simply burns through oil. Another common issue is the drivers smelling engine burning before the vehicle reaches 1000 miles. The 2021 Subaru Outback had a nice, spacious interior and a respectable fuel economy. This was a very dangerous problem as people would not get alerted to the car in front of them braking which increased the likelihood of a crash. Dont get my wrong, I love the 2005-2009 Outbacks but they do require a little more attention maintenance wise. Shopping on a budget? 2018 Loaded GT! What is most notable is how reliable it is, being capable of running after well over a decade and on minimum maintenance. Luckily, has done the research for you. In 2004, Car and Driver recognizes the 2004 Subaru Forester series as one of the 5 Best Trucks they have reviewed for the year. What Are The Best And Worst Years For The Ford Explorer? On slick roads, its AWD powertrain is a huge asset. They have decent gear-driven transmission with the 5EAT (CVT and the issues that came with it was introduced in 2010), best looking generation with frameless doors and wrap-around glass, nice balance of handling and comfort, reliable motor with nice top end pull, and overall good build quality. In the case of this vehicle, the 3.6 liters V6 Boxer Engine, which can produce 256 horsepower and 247-pound feet of torque, is said to be the most reliable and powerful. It is the perfect vehicle for my family. However, I can safely say that the Forester has the Outback beat in terms of noise reduction. Driving it was just as good as the gas mileage was excellent, and driving felt smooth and reactive. You can expect 200,000 miles easily. It is highly suggested that you should get an oil consumption test done if you notice the vehicle running out of oil frequently. The windshield was still prone to cracking, and the interior features such as the touchscreen were still sub-par. The New Subaru Line Up Is Ready For Adventure. Broken valve springs can cause significant engine damage and make driving extremely dangerous. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-leader-4','ezslot_13',837,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-leader-4-0');These were the perpetrators which led to the recalling of 1.3 million different cars, which spanned across multiple models. Sometimes, the battery would be dismal that the engine wouldnt even turn on.
There were common issues with the transmission jerking and failing. And time will tell if those vehicles can last as long as their predecessors. Visibility was also never an issue with this model due to the higher seat. However, it does not necessarily depend on maintenance. Head gasket problems caused early Forester owners to pay some steep maintenance costs to keep their vehicles on the road. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-leader-2','ezslot_11',833,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-leader-2-0');The engine is also prone to stalling and displays weird behavior while driving, dangerous in high-speed situations. Many users claimed that their engines would experience huge problems after the 78,000-mile mark or when driving at top speeds down the highway. The lone exception is the BRZ, introduced in Accidents would also be less frequent due to the cars excellent steering and a smooth driving. Both became standard equipment for mid-size and smaller cars in most markets by 1996. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_6',825,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');The original and one of the best, the 1994 Subaru Outback launched its first generation with a home run by putting out a car like that. The interior of the Outback is pretty spacious, but it maintains a smooth ride, even on somewhat rocky roads. With all of this out of the way, let me explain why each falls into the specific category. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_9',829,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');If you do plan on purchasing this, then you have the option of getting a 2.5-liter flat-four engine or the new turbocharged 2.4-liter engine. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_6',825,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');The model featured updated styling and AWD system as standard, which is great for snowy weather and terrain. Id go for a 2015-2019, given your choices above. Other than that, this vehicle received an all five-star rating from the government crash testing and is also the Top Pick by the IIHS. The line-up and all the good and bad that come with it remain the same.
There were also a few electrical system issues that could be fixed if you drove your Outback to the nearest retailer. What are the best snow tires for a Ram 2500? Perhaps its far-too-bright headlamps were used as a way to warn other motorists that they were operating a defective vehicle. 2018-19 touring 3.6. This was paired with amazing fuel efficiency despite the rather large build, which allowed for a large cargo and occupation space for passengers. A reliable SUV with a longtime record of high safety ratings, the Outbacks 2016 and 2017 models are among the wagons safest and best years.
The headlight and bulbs of the car were prone to burning out, sometimes causing the headlight housing to melt entirely! The 4th generation of the outback debuted with a new and solid redesign, making the car taller and wider and bringing more interior space. Subaru Crosstreks can be fairly buggy and problematic if you buy the wrong model.
Buy Parts. The overall quality of the 2018 Subaru Legacy is said to be problematic.
WVDOT Automotive is reader-supported. Lastly, the third common issue is that many people experience a rough ride before reaching 1000 miles. Last year they made the 3.6, one of the best Subaru motors ever. It has safety features that rival the most high-end vehicles on the market.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'wvdot_com-narrow-sky-1','ezslot_16',844,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wvdot_com-narrow-sky-1-0'); However, the vehicle has a relatively weaker engine, so if raw power is something you are looking for, then you might be disappointed. Though with the 3.6R liters six-cylinder engine, you will be able to enjoy 256 horsepower and 247 pounds-feet of torque.
What Did Reaganomics Do Apex,
The Electric Company,
Articles S