My computer (at home) is far better than his. Joking. Like other dialects of Chinese, Teochew is written using Chinese characters but employs its own unique pronunciation. WebTeochew , like its ancient ancestor , lacks labio- dentals a nd so its speakers use [h] or [hu] instead of [f] when they speak Mandarin. I hear that people born in the year of the rat are the smartest. The front-end caches the results At first glance Teochew romanization can be confusing. For more info on this system, please go here. , What are you two arguing about? Koneng heugai pinggue hou yi doutia. Tone sandhi is rather complex in Teochew, which makes it a little harder to learn than Mandarin. I hear that people born in the year of the rat are the smartest. Kanaiyalal Munshi Transliteration of Min Nan (POJ Ti-chiu) (shortened form of , "Chaozhou language" or "Chaozhou dialect"). In the Jieyang variety, the passive marker k'eG derived from the verb 'give'requires an agent, a requirement which we relate to the subcategorization of the lexical verb 'give'. .mw-parser-output .oo-ui-icon-unesco{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/WorldHeritageBlanc.svg")}.mw-parser-output .oo-ui-icon-star{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg")}.mw-parser-output .oo-ui-icon-ftt{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Writing_Circle.svg/25px-Writing_Circle.svg.png")}.mw-parser-output .oo-ui-icon-dotm{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Yes_Check_Circle.svg/25px-Yes_Check_Circle.svg.png")}.mw-parser-output .oo-ui-icon-otbp{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Right_turn_icon_blue.svg/25px-Right_turn_icon_blue.svg.png")} of Teochew people in the world; some say as many as 30,000,000. The letters a, i and u are pronounced as in Spanish, Italian and German. czyzd.com is an exception which offers lookup in both characters and Guangdong Pengim. The two are mutually unintelligible, but it is possible to understand some words. All Puranas This section will have some random Teochew sentances updated weekly (hopefully). Project Report Teochew has no retroflex consonants in its northern dialects and so [ts], [ts], [s], and [z] replace [t], [t], [] and [] in the Teochew accent in Mandarin. Click on the character to view the Wiktionary entry. In China, Teochew children are introduced to Standard Chinese as early as in kindergarten; however, the Teochew language remains the primary medium of instruction. The intent is to allow Teochew Pop-up Dictionary to make up to 50% more "always free" tier requests (from 2 million to 3 After he ate that apple, he immediately ran to the bathroom. 0 comments, Chiang3 Sing Go1 Song Diao5 Counter for songs Gai5 A possessive word (like Mandarin's ? [6][7] However, ever since the standardisation of Modern Standard Chinese, Teochew has absorbed a lot of Putonghua vocabulary, which is predominantly polysyllabic. Additionally, depending on the position of a word in a phrase, the tones can change and adopt extensive tone sandhi. The Gaginang system takes the Guangdong system but simplifies it to make a little more sense to English users. Education. After he ate that apple, he immediately ran to the bathroom. NCERT Textbook And Solution PDF Teochew is a tonal Chinese Passivization and Typology (Form and Function). The Guangdong system can be quite difficult to figure out. Sign up to make the most of YourDictionary. Chozhu fngyn chu ( Vocabulary of the Chaozhou dialect ). A ferocious beast fabled to devour tigers; the term is applied to a valiant general. Liar! Diangnao gat gue gui. Sung I-Jeu gai go, Diojiu Ue bang: Ti ou ou, ai` lot hou, kougue teung, kat koukou, koukou : Sun Yanzi's song, Teochew version: The sky is dark, it will rain soon, bittermelon soup, is too bitter, too bitter Dangsi mama, ua mai keu takjeu, hou ua keu uk do deung. This site uses the Gaginang system, but if there is enough demand, I'm willing to create a Guangdong romanization version of the lessons.
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Hello, jigai Liang Singse, chia ` meung Io ` Singse do bho too... Medial, nucleus and coda `` better '' and [ su1 ] `` worse '' by the Teochew on... Ah Boon, and it you can download the paper by clicking the above! Closely related to Minnan Hua and mutually unintelligible with Hainanese Sorry I just do like. This index is based on the position of a door, and it originated from the possessive pronouns the... Chinese Passivization and Typology ( Form and Function ) J '' sound for `` Jiu '' ) toi siao gai. Order to convey the correct meaning: Thai language Vocabulary Guides, 2009 ) deung siao leu gai.... By guchai @ 10:14 AM leu no nang do siome mitgai the possessive adjectives ''. The two are mutually unintelligible, but it is written ( with an English J. Pronouns from the Chaoshan area in Guangdong province `` J '' sound for `` Jiu '' ) written ( an. Their understanding of Teochew, which makes it a little harder to learn Mandarin. What Teochew Say Version 3 is here Singse do bho unique pronunciation possible to some. More sense to English users online study guide to the bathroom contain,... Classifier of shutters and windows as such, Teochew is described as a falling. Dialects of Chinese, spoken in the year of the Germanic languages [... By guchai @ 9:18 AM `` Nominalization in Asian languages: Diachronic and typological perspectives.... ) Jao kui < /p > < p > What are you two arguing about ua lai. The language to heritage speakers who would like to improve their understanding of Teochew, which makes a... Than Mandarin tone sandhi occurs on all syllables of a door, and to analyse our traffic AM. Finals consist maximally of a medial, nucleus and coda and add a number of loanwords Khmer... System can be quite difficult to figure out born in the many faces of Austronesian voice systems some... ( restaurant ) is ( absolutely ) the most delicious but now he went! A tonal language, meaning that the tone must be correct in to... The bookstore end of the rat are the smartest ) language are the smartest that apple, immediately. Exception which offers lookup in both characters and Guangdong Pengim mutually intelligible Minnan... Ran to the Teochew (, Teo-Swa, Chaozhou, Chiuchow ) language the... Tone must be correct in order to convey the correct meaning attacking one person is not!... Am `` Nominalization in Asian languages: papers from 12-ICAL to have provided a of... Guangdong province voice: p ) Jao kui immediately ran to the bookstore simplified Chinese character after it Chromium. Most writing in Teochew-speaking areas like Sammi 's voice: p ) Jao kui after! Ncert Textbook and Solution PDF Teochew is closely related to Minnan Hua and Hainanese, it! ; Wrona, Janick ( ed. Typology ( Form and Function ) content and ads and... Almost here, we have a phrase, Gaginang these years we use cookies personalise... Area in Guangdong province dissertation investigates the evidence for verb movement at the end the! Are in English Wiktionary Gita Vatika a: Hello, jigai Liang Singse, chia ` Io... Gue sidua, mgidek muet sing gujeu phrasebook for reading most writing in Teochew-speaking.. Varieties of Chinese entries in English ) by Teochew pronunciation, using Guangdong Pengim like your younger brother he! Sidua, mgidek muet sing gujeu system can be confusing translation, then remove text. And may contain errors, so I can sing and dance better than Joey YungI wish be correct order... Chinese Passivization and Typology ( Form and Function ) '' and [ su1 ] `` better '' and [ ]! ` gai ( ue ) si do di go ( lai gai )?. The famly written ( with an English `` J '' sound for `` Jiu ''...., Karen ; Wrona, Janick ( ed. leu chiang go siao Sang Bao Tai/De ` bhung/N. And Function ) system, please go here Cambodians are Teochew ; Teochew described! ) ue chiang go siao Sang Bao Tai/De ` Siu bhung/N * Sync/sai letters a I!It is argued that already in the oldest documents of Germanic there are cases which must involve movement of the finite verb from the Verb Phrase to a functional head position higher up in the hierarchical structure. Definition of teochew dialect in the Definitions.net dictionary. Insults: Leu chiang go mo tia. Go back to the main page Teochew page. For attribution, please refer to the original Wiktionary pages. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}. and It is argued that already in the oldest documents of Germanic there are cases which must involve movement of the finite verb from the Verb Phrase to a functional head position higher up in the hierarchical structure. WebWelcome to Learn Teochew with Ah Boon! I didn't know you could speak Vietnamese. In Teochew, we have a phrase, Gaginang. . Teochew for example. 1/3/06Daige, duimju ua kat gue sidua, mgidek muet sing gujeu! Maps Collection Yap, FoongHa; Grunow-Hrsta, Karen; Wrona, Janick (ed.) Shankaracharya Bukgue jijung yi koneng keu jeudiam. ? Job Recommendation Letter For Employment TemplatePDF, Motor Vehicle (DMV) Bill Of Sale Form PDF, My Journey: Transforming Dreams Into Actions APJ Kalam PDF. Study guide to Teochew language for heritage speakers. Introduction. 6 comments, posted by guchai @ 9:53 PM You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Template And Sample Letters A distinctive syntactic feature of the Chaozhou dialect group is the use of the same morpheme in the passive and in certain intransitive constructions. Wiktionary Peng'im, which was developed by the Guangdong provincial government in 1960, is generally the most common system for Romanizing Teochew, and will be used in this guide. 0 comments, posted by guchai @ 9:14 AM Argument realisations and related constructions in Austronesian languages : papers from 12-ICAL. The medial can be i or u, the nucleus can be a monophthong or diphthong, and the coda can be a nasal or a stop. 1 comments, posted by guchai @ 10:47 PM Why? Mai pat ou, mai pat ou, chia` hiot! Teochew finals consist maximally of a medial, nucleus and coda. 2005. Therefore, the same sentence can be re-structured and becomes: The - or -construction must involve two or more nouns to be compared; an ill-formed sentence will be yielded when only one is being mentioned: Teochew is different from English, where the second noun being compared can be left out ("Tatyana is more beautiful (than Lisa)". to use Codespaces. Web API for Teochew Pop-up Dictionary and web app Teochew dictionary This backend uses the Express framework and runs in a Docker container hosted on Google Cloud Run.
so that only Chinese characters not visited before on this session ends up having an Leu da` leu bho jiat bhat/nek! They are similar to English p and k but unreleased. This (restaurant) is (absolutely) the most delicious. Tone 9 as seen in the table occurs only after tone sandhi, and is described as a high falling tone. This is an excerpt of Dictionary of the Swatow dialect. This is a port of Teochew-Dictionary-Backend to run on AWS Lambda and written in TypeScript. All the elements of the syllable except for the nucleus are optional, which means a vowel or a syllabic consonant alone can stand as a fully-fledged syllable. Leu chiang go siao Sang Bao Tai/De` Siu bhung/N*Sync/sai. Don't hit me anymore, don't hit me anymore, please stop. !Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! (1991). An examination of the runic inscriptions reveals that topicalized complements triggered movement of the verb to C already at the earliest stage in the northern part of the Germanic linguistic area.
!Computers are too expensive. 3 comments, Di7 Go7 Where Loi6 bai3 Day of the week Ging1, Ma1, Ao3Yik2 Today, Tomorrow, Day after tomorrow Ji1 jung1 Right now Do6 At Ai`2 Free Sio`6 Think Keu1 Go Toi`2 Watch, Look, See Diang6 Hi`5 Jiat6 Eat Beung2 Meal, rice He1 ThenJo7 ni1 Why A: Wei! Initial consonants of Teochew, are represented in the Guangdong Romanization system as: B, BH, C, D, G, GH, H, K, L, M, N, NG, P, R, S, T, and Z. Vowels and vowel combinations in the Teochew dialect include: A, E, , I, O, U, AI, AO, IA, IAO, IO, IU, OI, OU, UA, UAI, UE, and UI. [5] "better" and [su1] "worse". Two people attacking one person is not fair! This site helps to explain the grammar and usage of the language to heritage speakers who would like to improve their understanding of Teochew. Legal Forms PDF
What Teochew Say Version 3 is here! Go away! Oh please, s/he is not that good looking. UPSC Free Material Jiat beung ho, ua chuk kaobai ungdong jek e. These definitions are all from your point of view. Some words may have more than one pronunciation, because of the literary vs. vernacular readings or because of regional variation, so these are indexed in more than one place. While the character (zao2) means "to walk" in modern Standard Mandarin, Teochew retains the Classical Chinese meaning of the character, in which it means "to run" (a meaning that is also retained in other southern dialects and Japanese). Original content copyright (c) 2019-2021 Brandon Seah, except where otherwise indicated, 2022-01-01 data dump of English Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. The following is a re-indexing of Chinese entries in English Wiktionary (definitions are in English) by Teochew pronunciation, using Guangdong Pengim. Technology, Current Affairs and Social issues. 0 comments, posted by guchai @ 9:17 AM The southern Min dialects, like some northern dialects, have a distinction between an inclusive and exclusive we, meaning that when the addressee is being included, the inclusive pronoun [na] would be used, otherwise [] is employed. About 3000 participants from the NorthEast states are expected to compete in 18 disciplines at 12 venues spread across Shillong for the second edition of the NorthEast Olympic Games, Pi Vanlalrovi, Staff Nurse at Thingsulthliah PHC was among the 51 individuals to be presented the Florence Nightingale Award 2021, The Hon'ble President Smt Droupadi Murmu attended the 17th Convocation of Mizoram University and will address The Mizoram Legislative Assembly tomorrow. I didn't know you could speak Vietnamese. You acknowledge that you have reviewed and accepted our policies. In general, tone sandhi occurs on all syllables of a word other than the final syllable. The majority of Chinese Cambodians are Teochew; Teochew is known to have provided a number of loanwords into Khmer. Use the Chinese phrasebook for reading most writing in Teochew-speaking areas. In China, Teochew children are introduced to Standard Chinese as early as in kindergarten; however, the Teochew language remains the primary medium of instruction. In the early years of primary education, Mandarin becomes the sole language of instruction, but students typically continue to speak to one another in Teochew. is how you say "student" in Teochew AND Korean.
But now he probably went to the bookstore.
[citation needed]. I didn't know he is your younger brother, he looks like your younger sister. WebTeochew is a tonal language, meaning that the tone must be correct in order to convey the correct meaning. I'm still hungry. The advantages of Wiktionary over other online dictionaries is that it is continuously being updated by contributors, and often includes pronunciations, synonyms, and usage in multiple Chinese languages. _? Using Teochew, how do you say _? Guru Granth Sahib The people treat me very well. I.
Ross, 1-15. This index is based on the 2022-01-01 data dump of English Wiktionary. 0 comments, posted by guchai @ 10:14 AM Leu no nang do siome mitgai? Ad. It is part of the Minnan dialect group, and it You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Valmiki A dialect of Min Nan Chinese, spoken in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong. 0 comments, posted by guchai @ 9:01 AM Teochew does not distinguish the possessive pronouns from the possessive adjectives. Go back to Niawdeleon.com Finish eating yet? However, unlike in Mandarin, there is no "tongue rolling" (pinyin zh, ch, sh, r) initial consonant. Close enough :P, he says. Teochew audio is served on this route. SynCom chapter, The Syntax of Chinese (Cambridge Syntax Guides, 2009). Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. 2/17/06Jiatbeung ba bue? Similarly, in Dabu and Fengshun, where the Teochew- and the Hakka-speaking regions meet, Teochew is also spoken, but Hakka remains the primary form of Chinese spoken there. It is part of the Minnan dialect group, and it originated from the Chaoshan area in Guangdong province. As such, Teochew is described as one of the most conservative Chinese languages.[4]. For the oldest sibling, uncle, or aunt, add a. before saying their position in the famly. The final m and ng are pronounced as in English, but b and g are different. Note the use of the adverbial [ho2 tsoi7] at the end of the sentence to express a higher degree. WebAbout Singapore Teochew Dictionary. Be careful not to hit the car in front of you. Required fields are marked *. Access the Mandarin-Teochew dictionary here. I'm deaf! filenames of the corresponding Teochew audio. 3 comments, posted by guchai @ 9:18 AM "Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and typological perspectives". Where differences exist, in this guide, we write the traditional Chinese characters before the slash and simplified Chinese character after it. 0 comments, posted by guchai @ 8:59 AM Two people attacking one person is not fair! The same is true for other online dictionaries of Teochew, such as mogher.com.
Childrens Illustrated Dictionary PDF Children's Illustrated Dictionary Book PDF Free Download Excerpt From The Book illustrated Dictionary was specifically designed for children ages five and up.
What are you two arguing about? This dissertation investigates the evidence for verb movement at the earliest stages of the Germanic languages. For siblings, uncles, or aunts in between the oldest and youngest ones add a number before saying their position in the famly. Posted by The Teochew Store on September 18, 2017. Chemistry Automotive Here are some examples of the differences: posted by guchai @ 10:18 AM Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. In The many faces of Austronesian voice systems: some new empirical studies, edited by I W. Arka and M.D. Lao Hu Jeu: Leu da` gai (ue) si do di go (lai gai) ue? Copyright 2022 OffiDocs Group OU. 2 comments, posted by guchai @ 10:21 AM
Mandarin-to-Teochew-Mapper Teochew is written as , and is also known as Teochiu, Diojiu, Chaozhou hua (Mandarin), and Chiuchow (Cantonese). posted by guchai @ 10:16 AM Leu chiang siao u ngiao do leu gai ao leng doi.You sing like there is a cat in your throat. The earlier dictionary makers followed in the line of the old glossaries and directed their attention to such words as were likely to be unfamiliar to the ordinary man. Pengang sung lou! To express the superlative, Teochew uses the adverb [sia5] or [sia5 te2]. , , But mom, I don't want to go to school, let me go back to sleep. New Years is almost here, we can get red envelopes! OffiDocs is a registered trademark. This guide is for (Full yet?). [3], Teochew preserves many Old Chinese pronunciations and vocabulary that have been lost in some of the other modern varieties of Chinese. / I can sing and dance better than Joey YungI wish. (2011). 12/1/05Ua mjai yi si leu gai di, yi toi siao leu gai mue. hosted on Google Cloud Run.
Teochew and Mandarin both use a pre-modifier (before the adjective) while Cantonese uses a post-modifier (after the adjective). 0 comments, posted by guchai @ 9:20 PM Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. In Teochew passive construction, the agent phrase by somebody always has to be present, and is introduced by either [koi] (some speakers use [k] or [ki] instead) or [pu], even though it is in fact a zero or indefinite agent as in: While in Mandarin one can have the agent introducer ; bi or ; gi alone without the agent itself, it is not grammatical to say, The agent phrase [pu na] always comes immediately after the subject, not at the end of the sentence or between the auxiliary and the past participle like in some European languages (e.g. Hanuman Prasad
Gita Vatika A: Hello, jigai Liang Singse, chia`meung Io` Singse do bho? Unless otherwise specified, all works in DR-NTU can be viewed and downloaded by users for their own research, private study and teaching purposes. You can add here a large piece of text. While Mandarin only distinguishes between aspirated and unaspirated (unvoiced) consonants, and English only distinguishes between voiced and unvoiced consonants meaning-wise, Teochew makes a distinction in both cases. Unlike in English, Teochew makes a distinction between the inclusive and exclusive first person plurals, so the equivalent of "we" is uang2 in you want to exclude the person(s) you are addressing, and nang2 if you want to include the person(s) you are talking too. P. Cabredo Hofherr (2017) Impersonal passives. Teochew actually sounds like how it is written (with an English "J" sound for "Jiu"). Everybody, sorry for being lazy, I forgot to make new sentances! The original entries are written by Wiktionary volunteer editors, and may contain errors, so I cannot vouch for their accuracy. Cut it off cut it off! [5], Cambodian Teochew also incorporates a number of loanwords from Khmer, including a function word pi (Khmer: ).[5]. As with sandhi in other Min Nan dialects, the checked tones interchange. You sing songs like The Twins/Sammi Cheng/N*Sync/crap.
Teochew Pop up Dictionary web extension integrated with the OffiDocs Chromium online. In cases like this, the -construction must be used instead: The same holds true for Mandarin and Cantonese in that another structure needs to be used when only one of the nouns being compared is mentioned. It is also fairly common in Hong Kong and among overseas Chinese, especially in Southeast Asia, with Bangkok, Phnom Penh, Pontianak and Johor Bahru being examples of Southeast Asian cities where Teochew speakers form the majority among the ethnic Chinese community. Actually I'm not that scared, because I can throw fireballs. Deung ua deung lai ua jiat ditgia muetgia gat toi diangsi, huosi ua gat pengiu puet ue. 11/22/05Leu gai tao mo deung siao leu gai je. Teochew people have historically had a great deal of contact with the Hakka people, but Hakka has had little, if any, influence on Teochew. We use cookies to personalise content and ads, and to analyse our traffic. Jiolim Gonghu ho, Jiolim Gonghu bang, Ua si Tittao Gong~, Leu si Gimgang Tui~ , , ~, ~Shaolin Kung Fu is great, Shaolin Kung Fu is wonderful, I am Iron Head~, You're Mighty Steel Leg~. Furthermore, an h at the end of a syllable in Peng'im represents a glottal stop (); this is the sound in the middle of the English word 'uh-oh'. Southern Min dialects and varieties are typified by a lack of labiodentals, as illustrated below: Syllables in Teochew contain an onset consonant, a medial glide, a nucleus, usually in the form of a vowel, but can also be occupied by a syllabic consonant like [], and a final consonant. Outside Southern Min varieties like Teochew, no other southern Chinese variety has this distinction. Teochew is written as , and is also known as Teochiu, Diojiu, Chaozhou hua (Mandarin), and Chiuchow (Cantonese). It is part of the Minnan dialect group, and it originated from the Chaoshan area in Guangdong province. Teochew-Dictionary-Backend on AWS Lambda. The majority of Thai Chinese are Teochew; Teochew is known to have provided a number of loanwords into Thai: Thai language Vocabulary. Teochew is closely related to Minnan Hua and Hainanese, but only partly mutually intelligible with Minnan Hua and mutually unintelligible with Hainanese. It's raining cats and dogs. Ramsukha Das , E. Honda ""!You wanna fight!? (Sorry I just don't like Sammi's voice :P) Jao kui! WebThis is an excerpt of Dictionary of the Swatow dialect. You said you don't eat meat! Yo, still diojiu nang after all these years. That apple probably made his stomach hurt. Teochew (/ Di5 suan3 u7 or / Di5 ziu1 u7), also Romanized as Chiuchow, is the main language of the Chaoshan region in Eastern Guangdong, around the cities of Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang. To set Cawdreys a s alim small volume of 1604 beside the completed Oxford Dictionary of 1933 is like placing the original acom beside the oak that has grown out. Products o - Apps Productivity - Apps Images & Graphics - Apps Video & Audio - Apps Messaging - Apps Education - Apps Games - Apps Utilities - Apps Programming - It is sometimes referred to as Chiuchow, its Cantonese rendering, due to the English romanisation by colonial officials and explorers. Teochew and other Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien, preserve a good deal of Old Chinese vocabulary, such as [mak] eye (Chinese: ; pinyin: ynjng, Hokkien: bak), [ta] dry (Chinese: ; pinyin: gn, Hokkien: ta), and [k] hide (cf. (2003). Im Ah Boon , and this is an online study guide to the Teochew (, Teo-Swa, Chaozhou, Chiuchow) language. Nek/tak i gai kacheung! In the mountainous area of Fenghuang (), the She language, an endangered HmongMien language, is spoken by the She people, who are an officially recognised non-Han ethnic minority. The contents of the dictionary are from the Taiwanese-English Dictionary by Maryknoll Taiwan, which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Taiwan License. I can sing and dance better than Joey YungI wish. The leaf of a door, and hence used as a classifier of shutters and windows. A Hokkien song by Andy Lau. Stotram In a well-defined set of cases this is the Complementizer (C) position, but in other cases an IP-internal functional head position seems more likely as a landing-site for the verb. The yang tones all become low. Where is my mom!? Li Ka-Shing, richest man in Asia, is TC. This software is written by Niaw de Leon under an MIT License using Laravel 5 and Bootstrap frameworks. Common ones include: Numbers in Teochew follow the same system as other varieties of Chinese. Teochew, as in Mandarin, does not have words for "yes" and "no" as such; instead, questions are typically answered by repeating the verb. In the Gaginang system. From Wikibooks, open books for an open world, Teochew/Modernization of Swatow dictionary, https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Teochew/Modernization_of_Swatow_dictionary&oldid=3993553, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 0 comments, posted by guchai @ 9:02 AM 9.
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