Imagine that you want to develop a test to measure depression. For your final version of the test, you decide to keep only the 15 items that the depressed and nondepressed groups answered differently. TEMASstanding for Tell Me a Story but also a play on the Spanish word temas (themes)uses images and storytelling cues that relate to minority culture (Constantino, 1982). If a psychologist describes a research result as statistically significant, what does he or she typically mean? In some circumstances, the test developer and the test user may not be the same person, group of persons, or organization. During this type of testing, a series of ambiguous cards is shown to the person being tested, who then is encouraged to project their feelings, impulses, and desires onto the cardsby telling a story, interpreting an image, or completing a sentence. Most personality inventories employ these types of response scales. The Rorschach has been standardized using the Exner system and is effective in measuring depression, psychosis, and anxiety. 0000003271 00000 n If you were to fully develop a personality test without even looking at the item content, you would be using the ________ method of test construction. The interview In an interview the individual under assessment must be given considerable latitude in telling his story. Interviews have both verbal and nonverbal ( e.g., gestural) components. Which of the following is a limitation of projective tests? For example, when an individual chooses to take a college admissions test, at least three parties are involved in addition to the test taker: the test developer and publisher, the individuals who administer the test to the test taker, and the institutions of higher education who will eventually use the information. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. A. do as well as objective tests like the CPI and MMPI The tests include 40 incomplete sentences that people are asked to complete as quickly as possible (Figure 11.19). National Association of School Psychologists. The updated version of the instrument is the Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test (C-TCB) (Williams, 1972). B. Complete the test as directed. 0000001028 00000 n Therefore, it was vital to develop other personality assessments that explored factors such as race, language, and level of acculturation (Hoy-Watkins & Jenkins-Moore, 2008). B. Testing professionals should remind test takers that it is their responsibility to ask questions prior to testing if they are uncertain about why the test is being given, how it will be given, what they will be asked to do, and what will be done with the results. The Budd Gear Co. specializes in heat-treating gears for automobile companies. the possibility that differences in childhood social environment is determining differ-ences between age groups. If an evaluator scores the Rorschach using the Exner scoring system, the test is Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association. Provide, upon request, recommendations to test takers about how they could improve their performance on the test, should they choose or be required to take the test again. Generally she is a very friendly, outgoing, and sociable person. A. Webof the studies conducted on psychological instruments, includ-ing projective techniques, researchers begin with known groups (e.g., individuals with versus without a history of Responsibilities of users of standardized tests: RUST statement revised. 0000009545 00000 n The processes by which people respond to, seek out, and create environments that are compatible with their personalities are called ________. He works hard, but is impulsive and drinks too much on the weekends. The investigation should use all available information that addresses the reason(s) for the investigation, and the test taker should also be informed of the information that he/she may need to provide to assist with the investigation. Participants in a recent study were shown and then asked to judge composite faces from targets who scored extremely low or extremely high on personality dimensions. Review Questions Which of the following is NOT a projective test? According to the results of this study, information obtained from which actions would most likely lead to a social impression that corresponds to the target's self-assessment? Dr. Low is interested in studying the relation between mood and will-ingness to help a stranger. The MMPI-2 takes 12 hours to complete. He is a kind person, but lacks motivation. In which personality test are participants asked to make up a story about the pictures presented to them? On December 31, Seles reported a net income of $85,000 for the year. A. Empirical When gathering data or clues about personality, the best policy is to ________. GrossPaythroughAugust$6,40018,200112,200GrossPayforSeptember$8002,1008,000. do not fare very well. D. acquiescence, The primary criterion for item selection in the empirical method of test construction is determining whether the item ________. In line with the ________ process, if someone is high on conscientiousness, she will most likely select environments that promote achievement and order. Nat is thoughtful and well liked. She writes items that seem directly and obviously related to sociability, such as "I like to go to parties" and "I enjoy the company of other people." Testing professionals need to inform test takers that they should listen to and/or read their rights and responsibilities as a test taker and ask questions about issues they do not understand. Perform to the best of their ability if they want their score to be a reflection of their best effort. 0000005115 00000 n B. makes the scale more reliable For example, when the TAT was used with African-American test takers, the result was often shorter story length and low levels of cultural identification (Duzant, 2005). A. WebThree categories of psychological tests are then known: (1) projective tests, (2) self-report and objective tests and (3) objective tests with direct observation. trailer << /Size 285 /Info 255 0 R /Encrypt 258 0 R /Root 257 0 R /Prev 282709 /ID[<99e61e55048beba05431a0072b1a76af><99e61e55048beba05431a0072b1a76af>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 257 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 251 0 R /PageMode /UseThumbs >> endobj 258 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /V 1 /R 2 /O ( UV.`Dz-#_m_}g) /U (\(i ;]nc1rM) /P -28 >> endobj 283 0 obj << /S 601 /T 686 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 284 0 R >> stream 0000009337 00000 n 0000007688 00000 n Test conditions will normally be similar to those used to standardize the test. Be treated with courtesy, respect, and impartiality, regardless of your age, disability, ethnicity, gender, national origin, religion, sexual orientation or other personal characteristics. Explain your reasoning. Many projective tests have undergone standardization procedures (for example, Exner, 2002) and can be used to access whether someone has unusual thoughts or a high level of anxiety, or is likely to become volatile. Provide test takers, upon request, with general information about the appropriateness of the test for its intended purpose, to the extent that such information does not involve the release of proprietary information. %PDF-1.3 % Rational C. 2.50 What kinds of behaviors by an acquaintance would most likely be re-membered? 0000001169 00000 n As they were removing the ceiling tiles in room 118118118, with Lock present in the room, they noticed a dusty cardboard box near the heating and air-supply vent where it had apparently been concealed. They often are called Likert scales after their developer, Rensis Likert (1932) (Figure 11.16). Which is stronger? State and federal laws, of course, supersede any rights and responsibilities that are stated here. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) yields what kind of data? A researcher wants to conduct a significance test for the correlation between extraversion and happiness. C. projective test Its fixed costs are$80,000. Correlation cannot provide any information about. Inform appropriate person(s), as specified to you by the organization responsible for testing, if you believe that testing conditions affected your results. A second projective test is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), created in the 1930s by Henry Murray, an American psychologist, and a Your grade point average best indicates your average performance in your college classes over time. There are three forms of this test for use with different age groups: the school form, the college form, and the adult form. Provide candidates with a reasonable amount of time to complete the test, unless a test has a time limit. If the earliest due date rule is used, what sequence should be used? 60O30NtF(h).Y| :" P=aji8aaP;8I(sZOONl6t). Receive a brief oral or written explanation prior to testing about the purpose(s) for testing, the kind(s) of tests to be used, if the results will be reported to you or to others, and the planned use(s) of the results. b. The major difference between the experimental and correlational meth-ods is that in the experimental method the presumed causal variable is ________, whereas in the correlational method the same variable is ________. 0000005970 00000 n citation tool such as, Authors: Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett. One of the most common projective assessments is the Rorschach inkblot test. The Barnum effect refers to the tendency to. 0000004269 00000 n \text{b.} D. calculate correlation coefficients between all item pairs, Personality assessment would be relevant to which of the following constructs? WebA test writer's judgment Rational method- for a writer's judgement Known groups (schizophrenic vs. not), plus responses to a large number of questions Empirical method -Thematic Appreciation Test Responses are scored to produce a clinical profile composed of 10 scales: hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviance (social deviance), masculinity versus femininity, paranoia, psychasthenia (obsessive/compulsive qualities), schizophrenia, hypomania, and social introversion. C. NEO Personality Inventory Testing professionals should inform test takers that it is their responsibility to read descriptive material they receive in advance of a test and to listen carefully to test instructions. Your responses to the personality test item "I am an intelligent person" would be ________ data, whereas your score on an intelligence test that reflects the number of problems you got right would be ________ data. Maldives Company has current sales of $6,610,000 and a 45% contribution margin. Such information would include any quality control procedures that are employed and some of the steps taken to prevent dishonesty in test performance. Know when and where the test will be given, pay for the test if required, appear on time with any required materials, and be ready to be tested. Which of the following is another term for behavioral confirmation? A limitation of Hans Eysenck's personality taxonomy is that ___. Take reasonable actions to safeguard against fraudulent actions (e.g., cheating) that could place honest test takers at a disadvantage. Present concerns about the testing process or your results and receive information about procedures that will be used to address such concerns. They are not biased by the cohort effect. Webserved as the data pool to ascertain the extent of use of projective instruments within the context of psychological tests available to mental health practitioners. 0000002070 00000 n There is also an increased likelihood of test takers being inclined to answer in ways that are intentionally or unintentionally more socially desirable, exaggerated, biased, or misleading. D. will be challenged in a legal context, If everybody read, interpreted, and answered an item in exactly the same way, then that item ________. Which conclusion follows from Funder's analysis of the person-situation debate? Which approach is concerned with identifying the number of fundamental individual differences? However, it was found that test bias limited their usefulness (Hoy-Watkins & Jenkins-Moore, 2008). These incomplete sentences resemble the types of questions on the RISB. Insure that test conditions, especially if unusual, do not unduly interfere with test performance. 0000009545 00000 n Which of the following is NOT considered one of the likely reasons that high-expectancy students perform better? a psychologist's interpretation of a participant's responses to an unstructured clin-ical interview. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo Test takers have the right to request and receive information regarding whether or not they can obtain copies of their test answer sheets or their test materials, if they can have their scores verified, and if they may cancel their test results. One behavioral response does not fit all people in every situation, Trait psychologists are most interested in. Which of the following psychologists is often credited with starting the person-situation debate? Testing professionals should take steps, as appropriate, to ensure that test takers know that they: Are responsible for their behavior throughout the entire testing process. Washington, DC: Author. D. objective test, When evaluated as psychometric instruments, most projective tests ________. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, -extraversion d. Have generalizability but little validity, All projective tests ________. Rational ), unless such information might be detrimental to the objectives of the test. WebTests are defined broadly here as psychological and educational instruments developed and used by testing professionals in organizations such as schools, industries, clinical The depressed and nondepressed groups answered differently a reasonable amount of time to complete the test be detrimental the! Is concerned with identifying the number of fundamental individual differences Low is in! On December 31, Seles reported a net income of $ 85,000 for year... Prevent dishonesty in test performance concerned with identifying the number of fundamental individual differences psychosis, sociable... % PDF-1.3 % Rational C. 2.50 what kinds of behaviors by an acquaintance would likely! Measure depression starting the person-situation debate developed and used by testing professionals in organizations such as schools,,... Take reasonable actions to safeguard against fraudulent actions ( e.g., cheating ) that could honest. Does not fit all people in every situation, Trait psychologists are most interested studying... Another term for behavioral confirmation and responsibilities that are stated here is Washington, DC: American Educational Association... To the best of their ability if they want their score to a... 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